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AP Computer Science Principles (CSP) Study Guide - Unit 2

BIG IDEA 2: DATA

2.1 Binary Data Representation

  • Binary Numbers: Representing decimal values in binary
  • Bits and Bytes: Understanding basic digital storage units
  • Binary Conversions: Converting between decimal, binary, and hexadecimal
  • Fixed vs. Floating Point: Representing integers vs. real numbers
  • Limitations: Understanding numeric limitations and overflow

2.2 Data Compression

  • Lossless Compression: Techniques that preserve all original data
  • Lossy Compression: Techniques that discard some data
  • Common Formats: JPEG, MP3, ZIP, and other common compression formats
  • Run-Length Encoding: Basic compression technique
  • Huffman Coding: Frequency-based compression technique

2.3 Extracting Information from Data

  • Data Collection: Methods for gathering data
  • Data Analysis: Techniques for extracting meaning from data
  • Visualization Tools: Graphs, charts, and visual representations
  • Metadata: Understanding data about data
  • Drawing Conclusions: Making inferences from data analysis

2.4 Using Programs with Data

  • Data Processing: Transforming and manipulating data
  • Data Filtering: Selecting relevant information
  • Searching Algorithms: Finding specific data points
  • Sorting Algorithms: Arranging data in meaningful ways
  • Data Storage: Databases and file systems

2.5 Big Data

  • Characteristics: Volume, velocity, variety, veracity
  • Benefits: Insights, patterns, predictions
  • Challenges: Storage, processing, privacy
  • Technologies: Hadoop, MapReduce, cloud computing
  • Ethical Considerations: Bias, privacy, security